Violence against women

structures of domination and challenges in the implementation of the Maria da Penha Law

Abstract

Violence against women encompasses acts of threat or use of force, in both private and public spheres, including physical, sexual, moral, and psychological assaults (Marques, 2008). This phenomenon stems from a capitalist-patriarchal system that privileges the masculine, treating women as property (Safiotti, 2001), in which violence operates as an instrument of domination and control. This study aims to analyze the challenges and limitations in the enforcement of the Maria da Penha Law and in the implementation of public policies for the protection of women, through a critical reading of the documentary Silêncio das Inocentes (2010). It adopts a qualitative approach, with documentary and bibliographic research, to understand how social, cultural, and institutional structures influence the persistence of gender-based violence. The documentary presents testimonies from victims and experts, highlighting issues such as victim-blaming, revictimization, and lack of professional training. Marques (2005) emphasizes that, although it frequently occurs in the domestic sphere, gender-based violence is a public and political issue, requiring state action. Despite advances, structural, institutional, and cultural challenges remain. Overcoming them requires integration between government and civil society, investments in support services, education on gender equality, and continuous professional training. Eradicating violence against women is an ongoing task that demands effective policies and social commitment to guarantee women’s rights and dignity.