O sagrado e o profano sob a ótica carnavalesca: encontro entre Bakhtin e Eliade

Abstract

The sacred and the profane are concepts that historically refer to two opposing forms of experience or condition of existence. Obviously, the relationship between the two elements varies according to the theoretical body in which they are observed. This work analyzes the presence of the sacred and profane in the carnivalesque world view discussed by Bakhtin in Problems of the poetics of Dostoyevsky (2013), in the light of what Eliade presents about these notions in The Sacred and the Profane (1992). Its general objective is to establish points of contact between the carnival perspective and the sacred and profane modes of existence. The theoretical foundation consists mainly of Bakhtin (1987; 2002; 2013), Eliade (1969; 1992), Mourão (2013) and Souza (2023). The study followed the qualitative research approach of the bibliographic type. The results showed that carnival categories operate a loosening in terms of the rigid separation between sacred and profane occurring in religious mentality. At the same time, they showed that in the carnivalesque vision, the sacred and the profane are realized as parts not exclusive, but simultaneous and concretely realized in the establishment of an existential plane where hierarchical relations and distinctions of any order do not exist.  This question meets the Bakhtinian conception of dialogue, influenced by Hegelian dialectics, of tension between realities that, although sensibly antagonistic, at no time reduce or lose one in the other.